Systematic review on computer vision techniques applied to leukocyte classification
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59681/2175-4411.v18.2026.1519Abstract
Introduction: Automated leukocyte classification using computer vision is a promising alternative to manual analysis, which is time-consuming and subjective. Objective: This systematic review aims to analyze and synthesize evidence on machine learning algorithms applied to leukocyte classification in peripheral blood smear images, evaluating their performance and challenges. Methods: A systematic review (PRISMA) was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies published between 2020 and 2025. Results: Out of 300 initial records, 28 studies were included. The findings indicate a predominance of deep learning models (CNNs, YOLO) with accuracies often exceeding 95% in the classification of mature leukocytes. Conclusion: Although technically mature for normal cell classification, the field faces challenges such as methodological heterogeneity across studies and a gap in the classification of immature and atypical cells, which have greater clinical relevance.
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Copyright (c) 2026 João Kasprowicz, Halan Germano Bacca, Alexandre Gonçalves Silva

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